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A 20-year-old woman with abnormal eye movements
Digital Journal of Ophthalmology 2021
Volume 27, Number 1
January 4, 2021
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Vivian Paraskevi Douglas, MD, DVM, MBA | Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Homer H. Chiang, MD | Department of Ophthalmology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas Konstantinos A. A. Douglas, MD, DVM, MBA | Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Tavé Van Zyl, MD | Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Nurhan Torun, MD | Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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| References | 1. Fritschi JA, Reulen HJ, Spetzler RF, Zabramski JM. Cavernous malformations of the brain stem—a review of 139 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1994;130:35-46.
2. Eggenberger E. Eight-and-a-half syndrome: one-and-a-half syndrome plus cranial nerve VII palsy. J Neuroophthalmol 1998;18:114-6.
3. Allbon DS, La Hood B. Thirteen-and-a-half syndrome. J Neuroophthalmol 2016;36:191-2.
4. Mouchtouris N, Chalouhi N, Chitale A, et al. Management of cerebral cavernous malformations: from diagnosis to treatment ScientificWorldJournal 2015;2015:808314.
5. Mesina BVQ, Sosuan GMN, Reyes KB. Eight-and-a-half syndrome: a rare potentially life-threatening disease. GMS Ophthalmol Cases 2018;8:Doc04.
6. Gross BA, Lin N, Du R, Day AL. The natural history of intracranial cavernous malformations. Neurosurg Focus 2011;30:E24. | |
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